How many solutions has the equation below in the interval [1, 100] ?
x^2 - [x^2] = {x}^2
here [x] - floor function, {x} - fractional part.
Floor function problem
Re: Floor function problem
So I'm not 100% sure on this but I believe that the answer is one plus the sum of the series from n=1 to n=99 of 2n.
I came up with the following inequality (y+b^2)/(2b)<sqrt(y+1) where y is every whole number from 1 to 10000 and b is [sqrt(y)]. Where [] indicate the floor function.
I came up with the following inequality (y+b^2)/(2b)<sqrt(y+1) where y is every whole number from 1 to 10000 and b is [sqrt(y)]. Where [] indicate the floor function.
Re: Floor function problem
I don't have an exact numerical answer, although I believe I have found a way to a solution.
Since we are working with positive numbers, x^2 - [x^2] = {x^2} (any number is the sum of its whole and fractional parts). Substituting, we now have the equation {x^2} = {x}^2. Substituting x = [x] + {x}, we have {x}^2 = {([x] + {x})^2} = {[x]^2 + 2[x]{x} + {x}^2}. Since [x]^2 is an integer, we can take it out of the inside since it won't affect the fractional part. This gives us {2[x]{x} + {x}^2} = {x}^2. This equation has solutions exactly when 2[x]{x} is an integer.
So each integer N between 1 and 100 has a finite number of fractional parts B<1 s.t. N+B is a solution to the equation. N+B will be a solution when 2NB is an integer. B=0 works for any N, and to find the rest of the solutions find all the divisors of 2N not including 0 and 1. B=1/(any divisor of 2N) will make N+B satisfy the equation.
I'm sure there is a nice way to compute the number of divisors of 2N for any N, however I know little number theory and thus will leave it up to those more suited for the task. I do think the reasoning behind the solution is correct though.
Since we are working with positive numbers, x^2 - [x^2] = {x^2} (any number is the sum of its whole and fractional parts). Substituting, we now have the equation {x^2} = {x}^2. Substituting x = [x] + {x}, we have {x}^2 = {([x] + {x})^2} = {[x]^2 + 2[x]{x} + {x}^2}. Since [x]^2 is an integer, we can take it out of the inside since it won't affect the fractional part. This gives us {2[x]{x} + {x}^2} = {x}^2. This equation has solutions exactly when 2[x]{x} is an integer.
So each integer N between 1 and 100 has a finite number of fractional parts B<1 s.t. N+B is a solution to the equation. N+B will be a solution when 2NB is an integer. B=0 works for any N, and to find the rest of the solutions find all the divisors of 2N not including 0 and 1. B=1/(any divisor of 2N) will make N+B satisfy the equation.
I'm sure there is a nice way to compute the number of divisors of 2N for any N, however I know little number theory and thus will leave it up to those more suited for the task. I do think the reasoning behind the solution is correct though.
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Re: Floor function problem
Developing on the reasoning of mk (which I revised and found no errors), we must find all real numbers $$x\in [1,100]$$ such that $$2[x]\{x\}\in\mathbb N$$. This implies that $$\{x\} = \frac{n}{2[x]}$$ for some $$n=0,\dots,2[x]-1$$. This limitation occurs because we must have $$\{x\}<1$$. Given $$[x]$$ between 1 and 99, there are $$2[x]$$ possibilities for $$\{x\}$$, and therefore $$2[x]$$ possibilities for $$x = [x]+\{x\}$$. This gives a total of $$\sum_{n=1}^{99} 2n = 9900$$ possibilities for $$x$$ with $$[x]=1,\dots,99$$. There is only one other case to consider, $$x=100$$, so the equation has 9901 solutions in $$[1,100]$$.